关于印发《全国结核病防治规划(2024—2030年)》的通知

关于印发《全国结核病防治规划(2024—2030年)》的通知
国疾控传防发〔2024〕19号

各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府:

《全国结核病防治规划(2024—2030年)》已经国务院同意,现印发给你们,请认真贯彻落实。

国家疾控局
国家卫生健康委
国家发展改革委
教育部
公安部
司法部
财政部
国家医保局
国家药监局
2024年11月28日

(信息公开形式:主动公开)

全国结核病防治规划(2024—2030年)

结核病是严重危害人民群众健康的重大传染病。为全面加强结核病防治工作,终结结核病流行,切实维护广大人民群众身体健康和生命安全,助力健康中国建设,制定本规划。

一、防治现状

党中央、国务院始终高度重视结核病防治工作,各地区、各部门坚决贯彻落实党中央决策部署,坚持以规划为引领,不断完善防治工作机制和服务体系,依法履行防治职责,统筹落实各项防治措施,提升防治服务质量,结核病防治工作成效显著。特别是党的十八大以来,全国结核病疫情持续下降,发病率、死亡率均下降约30%,发现并治疗了约785万例肺结核患者,成功治疗率保持在90%以上,死亡率维持在较低水平,有效保护了人民群众身体健康,有力维护了经济社会健康发展。

但结核病疫情形势依然严峻,我国仍有约10%的县(区)为高流行地区,防治工作不均衡,患者主动发现和规范治疗管理有待进一步加强,积极的预防措施和新技术应用不足,防治工作不容懈怠。

二、总体要求

以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,全面贯彻党的二十大和二十届二中、三中全会精神,坚持党的领导、部门协作、社会动员、全民参与的机制,坚持预防为主、防治结合、因地制宜、突出重点的原则,不断优化防治策略措施,持续提升防治水平。总体目标是全国结核病发病率持续降低,死亡率始终保持在较低水平,结核病患者经济负担逐步降低,为终结结核病流行奠定坚实基础。规划指标见下表:

三、防治措施

(一)优化服务体系,提升服务质量。

1.完善结核病防治服务体系。聚焦结核病防治全过程,创新医防协同、医防融合机制,结合城市医疗联合体和县域医疗卫生共同体建设,明确各级防治机构职责,加强疾控机构、医疗机构和基层医疗卫生机构的分工合作和协调配合,提升结核病分级诊疗和防治服务质量。加强各级结核病定点医疗机构规范化建设,全面提升结核病诊疗服务质量和水平。

2.加强信息监测协同。强化医疗机构与疾控机构的结核病诊疗和管理信息协同,将结核病防治纳入各区域公共卫生信息平台建设内容,充分发挥信息化支撑作用。开展结核病哨点监测,及时掌握结核病流行情况。加强对监测信息的分析与应用,为优化调整结核病防治策略措施提供支撑。

3.强化防治队伍建设。组建高层次人才梯队,培养核心技术专家和骨干,强化对各级各类人员开展防治工作的规范化培训,落实薪酬保障和激励制度,保障专业人员质量和数量。积极开展国际交流合作,参与全球结核病领域标准、指南等制定。

(二)强化主动筛查,提高发现水平。

1.及时诊断患者。加强医疗机构预检分诊,完善工作流程,对就诊的肺结核可疑症状者和发病高风险人群开展胸部影像学和病原学等检查,提高诊断的及时性。对发现的肺结核患者和疑似患者要按时限要求进行传染病报告、转诊和登记。

2.加大筛查力度。对肺结核患者密切接触者、艾滋病病毒感染者、既往结核病患者、老年人和糖尿病患者等重点人群开展结核病主动筛查。学校、监管场所、社会福利机构、未成年人救助保护机构、精神病医院和工矿企业等将结核病检查作为入学(所、院、职)体检必查项目以及员工年度常规体检项目。在疫情高发地区探索扩大结核病主动筛查比例和频次,作为重点地区攻坚行动的重要措施。积极推广使用便捷有效的筛查技术,提高筛查效率。

3.推广应用新技术。在结核病定点医疗机构对疑似肺结核患者首选分子生物学检测技术进行诊断。有条件的地区为县(区)级结核病定点医疗机构配备分子生物学耐药检测设备,开展耐药筛查。非定点医疗机构逐步提升病原学检测能力,开展结核病病原学检测。在基层医疗卫生机构积极推广应用远程会诊和基于人工智能数字化影像学辅助诊断系统,提高诊断效率和质量。

(三)规范治疗管理,提高治疗效果。

1.开展规范治疗。加强对医务人员结核病治疗的培训与指导,严格落实结核病防治工作技术规范和指南等要求。对传染性肺结核患者进行规范隔离治疗,有效减少传播。利福平敏感肺结核患者优先选择标准化治疗方案,推荐使用固定剂量复合制剂。健全结核病诊疗专家组会诊制度,进一步强化质量控制。加强对医疗机构和医务人员的监督管理,持续提升规范治疗水平。

2.落实全程管理。优化不同医疗机构和社区间的管理服务流程,为结核病患者提供覆盖筛查、诊治和随访的全程管理服务。结合国家基本公共卫生服务项目和家庭医生签约服务,落实基层医疗卫生机构对肺结核患者的健康管理服务。利用信息化手段,创新管理方式,提升服务效率。为患者提供必要的心理和营养支持等社会关怀服务,提高患者服药依从性。

3.强化耐药防治。加大县(区)级结核病定点医疗机构耐药筛查力度,推动结核病耐药发现关口前移。地(市)级及以上结核病定点医疗机构要开展二线抗结核药品分子生物学耐药检测、传统药敏试验等工作,规范、合理制定方案,积极推广验证有效的抗结核新药以及短程、全口服治疗方案。进一步强化耐药患者的规范隔离和分类救治,提高有效治疗水平。

(四)加强预防措施,减少发病与传播。

1.夯实预防接种。为适龄儿童提供卡介苗接种服务,确保接种覆盖率,开展疫苗接种效果评估。加强对接种质量的监管,确保疫苗接种的安全性和有效性。积极跟进国内外结核病新疫苗研发进展,适时修订完善接种策略。

2.强化感染控制。规范实施传染性肺结核患者停工停课和复工复课制度。强化个人防护,教育引导患者避免到人员密集场所活动,科学佩戴医用外科口罩。对居家治疗的肺结核患者家庭环境进行感染风险评估,指导患者及家属做好家庭内感染控制。

3.推行结核潜伏感染预防性干预。因地制宜设立结核病预防性治疗门诊。对肺结核患者密切接触者、艾滋病病毒感染者、长期使用免疫抑制剂者等高风险人群开展结核感染筛查,对潜伏感染者开展预防性治疗等干预,降低结核病发病风险。

(五)强化政策帮扶,减轻患者经济负担。

1.降低患者经济负担。坚持多渠道筹资原则,做好医疗保障政策与公共卫生项目的统筹衔接,切实降低结核病患者经济负担。利用药品价格谈判、药品集采等机制,引导抗结核药品价格回归合理水平。动态调整国家基本药物目录和基本医保目录,将符合条件的抗结核药品按程序纳入国家基本药物目录和基本医保支付范围。

2.加强关怀救助。统筹救助资源,增强兜底功能,将符合条件的患者纳入救助范围,切实减轻医疗费用和基本生活负担。

3.做好监测帮扶。及时将有返贫致贫风险的患者识别为监测对象,因人因户制定切实可行的帮扶计划,加强精准帮扶,防范化解返贫致贫风险。

(六)强化社会动员,广泛开展宣传。

1.全面开展大众宣传。全方位、多维度、创新性开展结核病防治健康教育与健康促进,加大传统媒体和新媒体宣传力度,全面提升全民结核病防治健康素养,提高公众普及和重点人群、重点场所宣传效果。

2.积极动员社会参与。积极拓展多部门社会动员,营造全社会关注、支持和参与结核病防治的良好氛围。将每年世界防治结核病日主题宣传与常态化宣传有机结合,持续组织开展群众喜闻乐见的结核病防治宣传活动。

3.深入开展志愿者传播提升行动。深入推进百千万志愿者结核病防治知识传播提升行动,广泛动员公众积极参与志愿活动,推动公众强化健康意识、履行健康责任。

四、保障措施

落实各级政府主体责任,重点地区要将结核病防治工作纳入当地经济社会发展规划和政府工作的重要内容。根据本规划要求,制定符合本地区疫情特点和工作实际的结核病防治规划,进一步健全工作机制,明确防治目标和任务,围绕重点地区、重点问题和重点环节等持续攻坚,动员各方力量推进规划落实。

各部门协同配合,各司其职,重点做好以下工作:

疾控、卫生健康部门负责协调相关部门共同推动规划实施,优化完善防治体系,提高防治能力和服务,对结核病防治工作进行监管,对规划实施情况开展监测评价。发展改革部门负责支持纳入相关规划的结核病防治机构建设,改善结核病防治设施条件。教育部门依法落实学校结核病防控的行业管理责任,有效落实新生入学体检结核病筛查和教职员工入职(定期)结核病检查和健康教育等措施。公安、司法行政部门负责监狱、看守所、强制隔离戒毒所等场所的结核病防治工作,落实结核病检查和治疗管理措施。财政部门按规定落实防治相关投入政策,推动提高资金使用效益。医保部门负责完善医保政策,做好结核病患者医疗保障工作。药监部门负责加强对抗结核药品的审批和质量监督,支持抗结核新药品、新试剂和新疫苗的注册,对符合条件的产品实施优先审评审批。科技、工业和信息化、民政、农业农村、海关、广电等部门要在职责范围内,做好结核病防治科技支撑、抗结核药品试剂生产供应保障、患者社会救助、社会养老和福利机构结核病防治、结核病患者防止返贫监测、口岸结核病排查处置、结核病防治知识宣传等工作。

五、科学开展评估

各地要组织对本地区结核病防治规划执行情况的监测与评价,发现问题及时解决,将监测评价结果和工作改进情况作为财政投入、医保支付、医疗卫生机构评审等重要依据。国家疾控局要会同有关部门对各地区规划执行情况开展系统评估,并于2025年和2030年分别进行阶段性评估和终期评估。

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参考资料:https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202412/content_6991217.htm

细菌性阴道病及性传播感染疾病核酸检测项目

蓝酶多病原检测 守护生殖道健康

一次取样 | 一次检测 | 十二项结果,核酸十二联检,临床初筛最佳选择


细菌性阴道病及性传播感染疾病核酸检测菜单

奈瑟淋球菌(NG)、沙眼衣原体(CT)、微小脲原体(UP)、生殖支原体(MG)、人形支原体(MH)、解脲脲原体(UU)、白色念珠菌(CA)、阴道毛滴虫(TV)、加德纳菌(GA)、单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)、单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)、梅毒螺旋体(TP)


生殖道感染常见症状
白带异常、外阴瘙痒、月经淋漓、经期疼痛、下腹坠胀、腰骶酸痛、尿痛、尿急、尿频、性交疼痛、性交出血

生殖道感染传播途径及危害
● 生殖道感染可能会在性交或妊娠期间不知不觉地传播,常常引起无症状隐形感染:
潜伏期长、无症状期长、病程长、隐蔽性强、难治愈、反复发作
● 生殖道感染如果不进行治疗,可能导致长期不可逆的潜在致命后果:
慢性骨盆疼痛、癌症、宫外孕、不孕症、不良妊娠预后、新生儿死亡、先天性畸形

生殖道感染病原体
已知有30多种不同的细菌、病毒和寄生虫通过性接触传播其中8种病原体与性传播疾病的最大发病率相关。2020年,世卫组织估计有3.74亿人新增感染。

以下可治愈的4种性传播感染中的一种每天超过100万例感染。

● 衣原体(1.29亿人)

● 淋病(8200万人)

● 梅毒(710万人)

● 滴虫病(1.56亿人)

4种病原体则无法治愈。中国每年妇产科门诊就诊量高达4亿人,其中生殖道感染患者约为50%。

● 乙型肝炎病毒

● 单纯疱疹病毒

● 艾滋病毒

● 人乳头状瘤病毒


生殖道感染检测首选方法是核酸检测
● 多种病原体混合感染率高,临床症状相似,很难依据经验鉴别。
● 传统检测方法准确度低,检出率低,容易出现误诊和漏检。
● 培养法检测周期长,方法复杂,难以在常规筛查中应用。
● Up和Uu采用培养法无法分型,只能通过核酸检测的方法才能进行分型。

核酸检测是CT/NG/支原体等生殖道感染病原体的首选检测手段建议定期筛查

《淋病诊断标准》、《生殖道支原体感染诊治专家共识》、《女性生殖道沙眼衣原体感染诊治共识》、《美国CDC性病防治指南(2015版)》、《WHO男性不育标准化诊疗手册》等


生殖道感染筛查诊疗建议
国内外指南建议,重视生殖道感染核酸检测根据感染状况及时治疗。

●《中国性传播疾病临床诊疗指南》、美国疾病与预防控制中心(CDC):对所有年龄<25岁的性活跃女性进行年度筛查,对>25岁的感染高危女性进行筛查(例,有新的性伴侣,多个性伴侣,或性伴侣患有生殖道感染)。
● 中国《孕前和孕期保健指南(2018 版)》:要求将CT/NG作为孕前和孕早期备查项目加强育龄期、孕产期人群的CT/NG筛查,对实现优生优育和CT/NG感染防控具有积极推动作用。
● 中国《生殖道支原体感染诊治专家共识》:如果男女双方均无泌尿生殖道感染的相关症状,仅Uu阳性,考虑为携带者,不必治疗。男性为Uu性尿道炎,建议同时治疗性伴。孕期下生殖道检出Uu的患者不需要进行干预和治疗,男性精液质量异常且有生育需求时,男女双方建议同时治疗一疗程。男女双方生殖道Uu培养阳性对IVF无明显影响。
●《WHO男性不育标准化诊疗手册》:男性支原体、衣原体为导致附睾炎的常见病因在不育患者精液中,单纯疱疹病毒和人乳头状病毒的检出率较高,人乳头状病毒在精液中可能影响精子的活力。


生殖道感染核酸多重检测原理
生殖道感染核酸检测项目采用实时荧光PCR技术和水解探针技术在同一反应管中实现一种或多种病原体在核酸水平上的定性检测,操作简单,全程不开盖减少污染,仪器软件系统自动绘制出实时扩增曲线,实现即时结果判断。本检测项目设置有内标,通过内标对待测样本的采集、运输和提取过程中进行监控,避免检测结果的假阴性。

检测套餐优势
● 检测全面:单反应管进行多重靶标扩增,一次取样、一次实验,同步检测12种病原体;
● 精准分型:有利于发现单一感染和混合感染,准确指导临床开展有效治疗;
● 质控严格:严格质控标准,从样本采集到结果判读全过程监控,保证检测结果准确;
● 开放平台:检测时间短、通量高,检测平台开放,兼容市面上多种荧光PCR仪。

标本类型
● 男性: 尿道拭子

● 女性: 阴道拭子

检测流程
● 购买服务

● 填写信息

● 样品采集

● 寄送检测

● 查看报告


蓝酶医疗助力医疗机构或第三方医学检验实验室

开展细菌性阴道病与性传播感染疾病筛查和诊断
合作洽谈 张总 13611880182

关爱女性 护佑健康

世卫组织发布首份威胁健康的真菌清单

2022年10月25日 | 部门新闻

世卫组织今天发布了一份报告,着重介绍有史以来第一份“重点真菌病原体”清单,其中列有对公众健康构成最大威胁的19种真菌。世卫组织的重点真菌病原体清单是全球第一次努力结合未满足的研发需求和预计的公共卫生重要性,对真菌病原体进行有系统的排序。世卫组织这份清单旨在关注并推动进一步研究和政策干预措施,以加强全球在真菌感染和抗真菌药物耐药性方面的应对工作。

真菌病原体是对公众健康的重要威胁,这些病原体正变得越来越普遍,并且对目前仅有的四类抗真菌药物治疗日益产生耐药性,而研发中的临床候选药物却很少。对于大多数真菌病原体目前缺乏快速和灵敏的诊断方法,而现有方法在全球无法广泛获得或以可负担的价格提供。

侵袭性真菌感染通常会影响重病患者和具有严重免疫系统相关基础病症的患者。侵袭性真菌感染风险最高的人群包括癌症患者、艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者、接受器官移植者、慢性呼吸道疾病患者和原发后结核病感染者。

新出现的证据表明,由于全球变暖以及国际旅行和贸易的增加,世界各地真菌病的发病率和地理范围都在扩大。在COVID-19大流行期间,住院患者中报告的侵袭性真菌感染发病率显著增加。随着引起常见感染的真菌(如口腔念珠菌和阴道鹅口疮)对治疗的耐药性越来越强,普通人群发生更具侵袭性的感染的风险也日益增加。

世卫组织抗微生物药物耐药性部门助理总干事Hanan Balkhy博士说:“真菌感染正在从隐蔽的细菌抗微生物药物耐药性大流行中变得越来越清晰,且在不断增长,对治疗的耐药性日益增强,成为全球关切的公共卫生问题。”

尽管日益令人担忧,但真菌感染很少获得重视和资源,致使缺乏关于真菌病分布和抗真菌药物耐药模式的高质量数据。因此尚不清楚真菌病和抗真菌药物耐药性的确切负担,应对行动也由此受到影响。

三个重点类别

世卫组织重点真菌病原体清单分为极度重要、高度重要和中等重要三类。每个重点类别中的真菌病原体主要根据其公共卫生影响和/或出现抗真菌药物耐药性的风险得到排序。世卫组织将这些重要病原体确认为全球关切的公共卫生问题,强调必须结合具体情况认真解读这一清单,因为某些地方性病原体在各自的区域或地方背景下可能更令人担忧。

紧急优先组(Critical group)

新隐球菌、耳念珠菌、烟曲霉、白色念珠菌

高度优先组(High group)

光滑念珠菌、组织浆菌属、足分支菌、毛霉菌、镰刀菌、热带念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌

中等优先组(Medium group)

赛多孢子菌、多育节荚孢霉、球孢子菌、克柔假丝酵母、格特隐球菌、马尔尼菲蓝状菌、耶氏肺孢子虫、副球孢子菌

需要提供更多证据和确定优先行动领域

该报告的作者强调,需要有更多的证据来为应对这一日益严重的威胁提供信息,并更好地了解疾病和抗真菌药物耐药性的负担。报告还强调迫切需要采取协调行动,在“同一健康”框架下应对抗真菌药物使用对耐药性的影响,并呼吁扩大公平获得优质诊断和治疗的机会。

世卫组织抗微生物药物耐药性全球协调司司长Haileyesus Getahun博士说:“我们需要更多关于真菌感染和抗真菌药物耐药性的数据和证据,以便提供信息并改善对这些重点真菌病原体的应对措施。”

关于重点真菌病原体清单的报告强调了面向决策者、公共卫生专业人员和其他利益攸关方的策略。报告中所提策略的共同目标是产生证据并改善对这些重点真菌病原体的应对措施,包括预防抗真菌药物耐药性的发展。建议的主要行动侧重于:(1)加强实验室能力和监测;(2)维持对研究、开发和创新的投资;(3)加强公共卫生预防和控制干预措施。

Haileyesus Getahun博士补充说:“我们鼓励各国采取循序渐进的方法,首先要加强其真菌病方面的实验室和监测能力,并确保在全球范围公平提供现有的优质治疗和诊断方法。”

导致抗真菌药物耐药性的部分原因是在“同一健康”框架下对抗真菌药物的不当使用。例如,农业中抗真菌药物的不当使用与耐唑类药物烟曲霉感染率上升有关。报告还呼吁促进世卫组织与四方组织和其他伙伴的合作努力,以便在“同一健康”框架下应对抗真菌药物使用对耐药性的影响。

——

参考资料:https://www.who.int/zh/news/item/25-10-2022-who-releases-first-ever-list-of-health-threatening-fungi

Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases at Mass Gatherings

Mass gatherings (MGs) are defined by the World Health Organization as concentrations of people at a specific location for a specific purpose, over a set period of time with the potential to strain local resources. MGs come in many different forms but can be grouped into three main categories: social events (concerts, festivals, etc.), sport events (FIFA World Cup, Olympic Games, etc.) and religious events (Kumbh Mela, Hajj, etc.). Because of increased global mobility, MGs have become both more frequent and more attended.

The Hajj is one of the biggest religious events hosted by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) every year. One of the obligatory pillars of Islam, Hajj is a pilgrimage to Makkah which is must for every physically fit, healthy Muslim to perform once in a lifetime if he/she can afford it. It is performed from the 8th to 12th of Dhul-Hujjah, the last month of Islamic calendar. Currently, over three million Muslims travel to Saudi Arabia every year to perform Hajj rituals from almost 184 countries. Over-crowded accommodations make an ideal environment for the exacerbation of communicable diseases, many of which are preventable if proper precautionary measures are taken. Pilgrims are at potential risk of acquiring communicable diseases via contaminated food or water, person-to-person contact and vector-borne and respiratory transmission of viruses. Surveillance at entry and exit points could quickly improve disease detection.

The Zymetas communicable diseases RT-PCR Assay is based on the real time PCR amplification techniques of detection and differentiation of the infectious diseases such as Influenza, Coronavirus, N. Meningitidis, Poliovirus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, and/or Yellow Fever virus etc., DNA/RNA in a one-step format. The assay is designed and developed for qualitative detection of infectious diseases specific DNA/RNA in specimens as an aid in the diagnosis of communicable diseases alongside all available clinical data, patient history, epidemiological data and other laboratory test outcomes. The assay is intended for use by professionals specifically trained in real time PCR amplification techniques and for research use only.

Features include

Multiplex PCR assay with one-step RT-PCR amplification techniques

Pre-mixed reagent in an easy-to-use format for stable system

Fast turnaround time with a PCR running time of ~60 minutes for 96 samples  

Open system suitable for most real-time PCR instruments and nucleic acid extraction systems

Performances include

Accuracy: 100% (test with reference panels, and compare with a commercial RT-PCR kit)

Limit of Detection: 1000 copies/mL (test with LoD reference as positive≥ 95% of the time)

Cross-Reactivity: No cross-reactivity with other infectious diseases

Lists

FluA/B RT-PCR Assay 2.1
COVID-19 RT-PCR Assay 2.1
FluA/B/COVID-19 RT-PCR Assay 2.1
Poliovirus RT-PCR Assay 2.1
Poliovirus Serotyping RT-PCR Assay 2.1
N. Meningitidis RT-PCR Assay 2.1
N. Meningitidis Serotyping RT-PCR Assay 2.1
DENV RT-PCR Assay 2.1
ZIKV RT-PCR Assay 2.1
YFV RT-PCR Assay 2.1
DENV/ZIKV/YFV RT-PCR Assay 2.1

Products – Zymetas

Real-time PCR Instruments

QuantStudio™ 5 Real-Time PCR System | Applied Biosystems™ 7500 Real-Time PCR System | CFX96™ Dx System | CFX96™ Deep Well Dx System | LightCycler® 480 Instrument II | Rotor-Gene® Q5/6 plex Platform | SLAN-96P Real-Time PCR System | Gentier 96E real-time PCR system

Risk Ranking and Prioritization of Epidemic-Prone Diseases

Priority Setting for Epidemic-prone Diseases in Africa using a Risk Ranking and Analysis tool for Effective Emergency Preparedness and Response.

A. Background
The International Health Regulations (IHR-2005) identify mapping and using priority health risks and resources as one of the core capacities in Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response (PHEPR). Effective preparedness and swift response to epidemic is the goal of Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). In this regards, Africa CDC in collaboration with European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) set out to apply a methodology and tool to rank diseases and public health events requiring a rapid and efficient response under a multidisciplinary consultation forum.

B. The methodology considered the changing context of the African continent where emerging and re-emerging diseases give rise to outbreaks with greater impact on communities. Priority
setting must be placed in the broader context of public health emergency preparedness and response planning, through which risk assessment, decision-making, capacity building, resource allocation and response implementation, and evaluation represent some of the concrete and crucial stages of public health preparedness plans and of the related planning cycles. The identification and prioritization of risks will serve to define preparedness options and rationally allocate resources needed to reach emergency response objectives.

Purpose and objectives
1. The purpose of prioritization/risk ranking of epidemic-prone disease is to inform Africa CDC strategic planning and help effective resource allocation to manage prevention/mitigation
and response actions to health emergencies. This is a critical step for effective response to limit the spread of diseases, prevent/ minimize morbidity and mortality, social-and economic disruptions and, as well as early possible socio-economic recovery and returning to normal. Specifically, the objective for conducting risk ranking (RR) was to:
2. Rank infectious diseases of epidemic potential in order to identify the priority diseases for emergency preparedness and response.
• To use the results of the RR in the broader context of the following:
• Broder emergency preparedness planning, capacity building and resourcing;
• Targeted prepositioning of essential medical and non-medical countermeasures; i.e., medical supplies, diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines; and plan for logistics for emergency preparedness and response;
• Liaise and work with other respective Divisions in Africa CDC and partners on development of essential diagnostic, therapeutic and vaccine lists needed for emergency response;

C. Contribute towards research, development and innovation prioritization, in new and advanced technology and public health actions for prevention, early detection and rapid response;
including pathogen-genomic surveillance expansion in Africa.

Download Files

Risk Ranking and Prioritization of Epidemic-Prone Diseases – ENGDOWNLOAD 

DOWNLOAD

Date

26 February 2023

Theme

Emergency Response and Preparedness

Region

Central AfricaEastern AfricaNorthern AfricaSouthern AfricaWestern Africa

资料来源:Risk Ranking and Prioritization of Epidemic-Prone Diseases – Africa CDC

World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day 2024

World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day is observed every year on 30 January

On World Neglected Tropical Disease Day 2024, WHO is calling on everybody, including leaders and communities, to unite and act to address the inequalities that drive neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and to make bold, sustainable investments to free the estimated 1.62 billion people, in the world’s most vulnerable communities, from a vicious cycle of disease and poverty. 

The purpose of World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day is to raise the profile of neglected tropical diseases, the suffering they cause and to garner support towards their control, elimination and eradication, in line with the programmatic targets set out in the NTD road map 2021−2030 and the commitments of the 2022 Kigali declaration on neglected tropical diseases.

On 31 May 2021, the Seventy-fourth World Health Assembly recognized 30 January as World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day through the unanimous approval of decision WHA74(18)  by WHO Member States. This Day is now one of the 11 Global Health Days and 2 Global Health Weeks recognized by WHO.


Brief summary
World NTD Day 2024

——

Buruli ulcer
A debilitating mycobacterial skin infection causing severe destruction of the skin, bone and soft tissue.

Chagas Disease
A life-threatening protozoan illness transmitted to humans through contact with vector insects (triatomine bugs), ingestion of contaminated food, infected blood transfusions, congenital transmission, organ transplantation or laboratory accidents.

Dengue and chikungunya
Two mosquito-borne, outbreak-prone viral conditions causing a flu-like illness that can be associated with severe, painful and disabling symptoms and, in the case of dengue, may cause shock, haemorrhage and death.

Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease)
A helminth infection transmitted exclusively by drinking water contaminated with parasite-infected water fleas; one year later, adult female worms painfully ulcerate through the skin, often of the legs, in order to expel their larvae.

Echinococcosis
A disease caused by the larval stages of tapeworms forming pathogenic cysts in human organs, acquired by ingesting eggs most commonly shed in the faeces of dogs and wild animals.

Foodborne trematodiases
A group of infectious diseases acquired by consuming fish, crustaceans and vegetables contaminated with larval parasites; clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, paragonimiasis and fascioliasis are the most common.

Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
A protozoan infection spread by the bites of tsetse flies that is almost 100% fatal without prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent the parasites from invading the central nervous system.

Leishmaniases
A group of protozoan diseases transmitted through the bites of infected female sandflies; the most severe (visceral) form attacks the internal organs and in its most prevalent (cutaneous) form causes skin ulcers, disfiguring scars and disability.

Leprosy
A complex disease caused by infection with a slow-growing bacterium, mainly affecting the skin, peripheral nerves and eyes.

Lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis)
A helminth infection transmitted by mosquitoes and resulting in adult worms inhabiting and reproducing in the lymphatic system; it is associated with recurrent painful inflammation and abnormal enlargement of limbs and genitals.

Mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis and other deep mycoses
Chronic, progressively destructive inflammatory diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissues which usually affect the lower limbs. People become infected when injuries break the skin and allow fungi (and bacteria in the case of mycetoma) to enter the body.

Noma
Severe gangrenous disease of the mouth and face. Its pathogenesis is linked with non-specific bacteria and a range of modifiable risk factors and underlying social determinants. It mainly affects children aged 2−6 years old and is found most commonly among those living in poor communities.

Onchocerciasis (river blindness)
A helminth infection transmitted by the bite of infected blackflies causing severe itching and eye lesions as the adult worm produces larvae eventually leading to visual impairment and permanent blindness.

Rabies
A preventable viral disease transmitted to humans through the bites of infected animals, especially dogs, that is invariably fatal once symptoms develop.

Scabies and other ectoparasitoses
A group of infestations of the skin caused by mites, fleas or lice; scabies occurs when the human itch mite burrows into the upper layer of the skin where it lives and lays its eggs, causing intense itching and rash.

Schistosomiasis (bilharzia)
A group of trematode infections acquired when larval forms released by freshwater snails penetrate human skin during contact with infested water; schistosomiasis is typically associated with liver and urogenital pathology.

Snakebite envenoming
A potentially life-threatening condition caused by toxins injected through the bite of a venomous snake, often responsible for acute medical emergencies. Envenoming can also be caused by having venom sprayed into the eyes by certain species of snakes.

Soil-transmitted helminthiases
Helminth infections transmitted through soil contaminated by human faeces; they cause anaemia, vitamin A deficiency, stunted growth, malnutrition, intestinal obstruction and impaired development.

Taeniasis and cysticercosis
Taeniasis is caused by adult tapeworms in human intestines; cysticercosis results when humans ingest tapeworm eggs that develop as larvae in tissues, including the brain (neurocysticercosis).

Trachoma
A bacterial infection transmitted through direct contact with infectious eye or nasal discharge, and associated with unsafe living conditions and hygiene practices; if left untreated, it causes irreversible corneal opacities and blindness.

Yaws
A chronic, disfiguring bacterial disease affecting mainly the skin and bone. Other endemic treponematoses similar to yaws are also considered NTDs

——

Reference

https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-ntd-day/2024/brief-outline

https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-ntd-day/2024#

U.S. – UK Strategic Dialogue on Biological Security

JANUARY 16, 2024

U.S. – UK Strategic Dialogue on Biological Security

The White House

Building on the June 10, 2021 New Atlantic Charter and the June 8, 2023 Atlantic Declaration on Economic Security, the U.S. National Security Council and the UK Cabinet Office announced a new Strategic Dialogue on Biological Security during a launch event today.  

Underpinned by the UK Biological Security Strategy and the U.S. National Biodefense Strategy, this Strategic Dialogue reflects a shared ambition to bolster future heath and economic resilience against a growing and diverse spectrum of biological threats.

The Strategic Dialogue reaffirms both nations’ commitment to increase collaboration in the following ways:

  • Develop a shared understanding of research and development (R&D) needs at the onset of new disease outbreaks, allowing for improved responsiveness by shaping global R&D efforts and supporting early technology assessments.
  • Adopt a One Health approach to biosurveillance and biological threat detection, in support of international efforts to develop stronger and more interconnected global surveillance capabilities.
  • Pursue the development of new tools and methodologies for microbial forensics and attribution.
  • Promote responsible innovation in the biotechnology, health, and life sciences sectors, shaping global norms and standards on biosafety and biosecurity while simultaneously protecting burgeoning bio-economies.
  • Facilitate the development of next-generation vaccines and therapeutics, in line with the 100-Days Mission vision supported by G7 leaders in Carbis Bay in 2021 and reaffirmed at the 2023 G7 Summit in Hiroshima.
  • Strengthen coordination of efforts to counter biological threats, including developing joint measures to address Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention compliance.

###

U.S. – UK Strategic Dialogue on Biological Security | The White House

National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases

The National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases is committed to protecting people from domestic and global health threats, including

  • Foodborne illnesses like Salmonella and waterborne illnesses like infections with Naegleria fowleri (the “brain-eating” amoeba).
  • Infections that spread in hospitals and other healthcare settings.
  • Infections that are resistant to antibiotics.
  • Deadly diseases like Ebola and anthrax.
  • Illnesses that affect immigrants, migrants, refugees, and travelers.
  • Diseases caused by contact with animals, like rabies.
  • Diseases spread by mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas, including yellow fever, Lyme disease, and dengue.
  • Diseases new to the United States, like Zika and mpox.

NCEZID’s scientists also do important work that leads to the development of more effective vaccines, therapeutic drugs, and tools to diagnose lesser-known diseases like Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus infections.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, several flagship NCEZID programs—like the Office of Advanced Molecular Detection, the Laboratory Response Network, and the National Healthcare Safety Network—were essential to tracking COVID variants as they emerged across the country, monitoring the quality of healthcare and patient safety, and strengthening efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19. To learn more, read about NCEZID’s 2021 Accomplishments.

About Our Name

Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by germs (such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi) that enter the body, multiply, and can cause an infection.

  • Some infectious diseases are contagious (or communicable), meaning they are capable of spreading from one person to another.
  • Other infectious diseases can be spread by germs carried in air, water, food, or soil. They can also be spread by vectors (like biting insects) or by animals to humans.

Emerging means infections that have increased recently or are threatening to increase in the near future. These infections could be

  • completely new (like Bourbon virus infection, or MERS, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome).
  • completely new to an area (like chikungunya in Florida).
  • reappearing in an area (like dengue in south Florida and Texas).
  • caused by bacteria that have become resistant to antibiotics, like MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), C. difficile, or drug-resistant TB.

Zoonotic means a disease that is spread between animals and people; some examples include:

  • Lyme disease (spread by ticks).
  • Salmonella (spread by poultry).
  • rabies (spread by mammals).

Last Reviewed: January 17, 2023
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID)

——

Referance: https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/who-we-are/index.html

NIAID Emerging Infectious Diseases/Pathogens

NIAID Emerging Infectious Diseases/Pathogens

Emerging infectious diseases can be defined as infectious diseases that have newly appeared in a population or have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range, or that are caused by one of the NIAID Category A, B, or C priority pathogens.

The NIAID Emerging Infectious Diseases/Pathogens category includes Biodefense Research and Additional Emerging Infectious Diseases/Pathogens.

NIAID Biodefense Research

NIAID Emerging Infectious Diseases/Pathogens

NIAID’s pathogen priority list is periodically reviewed and is subject to revision in conjunction with our federal partners, including the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, which determines threat assessments, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which is responsible for responding to emerging pathogen threats in the United States.

Note: Category A, B, and C pathogens, and emerging infectious diseases and pathogens listed on this page are not all select agents regulated by the U.S. Federal Select Agent Program (FSAP). For a list of select agents regulated by the U.S. FSAP, refer to the Select Agents and Toxins List.

Category A pathogens are those organisms/biological agents that pose the highest risk to national security and public health because they

  • Can be easily disseminated or transmitted from person to person
  • Result in high mortality rates and have the potential for major public health impact
  • Might cause public panic and social disruption
  • Require special action for public health preparedness

Category B pathogens are the second highest priority organisms/biological agents. They

  • Are moderately easy to disseminate
  • Result in moderate morbidity rates and low mortality rates
  • Require specific enhancements for diagnostic capacity and enhanced disease surveillance

Category C pathogens are the third highest priority and include emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination in the future because of

  • Availability
  • Ease of production and dissemination
  • Potential for high morbidity and mortality rates and major health impact

Category A Priority Pathogens

Category B Priority Pathogens

  • Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis)
  • Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
  • Brucella species (brucellosis)
  • Burkholderia mallei (glanders)
  • Chlamydia psittaci (Psittacosis)
  • Ricin toxin (Ricinus communis)
  • Epsilon toxin (Clostridium perfringens)
  • Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB)
  • Typhus fever (Rickettsia prowazekii)
  • Food- and waterborne pathogens
    • Bacteria
    • Viruses
    • Protozoa
      • Cryptosporidium parvum
      • Cyclospora cayatanensis
      • Giardia lamblia
      • Entamoeba histolytica
      • Toxoplasma gondii
      • Naegleria fowleri (new in FY14)
      • Balamuthia mandrillaris (new in FY14)
    • Fungi
      • Microsporidia
  • Mosquito-borne viruses
    • West Nile virus (WNV)
    • LaCrosse encephalitis (LACV)
    • California encephalitis
    • Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE)
    • Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)
    • Western equine encephalitis (WEE)
    • Japanese encephalitis virus (JE)
    • St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV)
    • Yellow fever virus (YFV)
    • Chikungunya virus
    • Zika virus

Category C Priority Pathogens

  • Nipah and Hendra viruses
  • Additional hantaviruses
  • Tickborne hemorrhagic fever viruses
    • Bunyaviruses
      • Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome virus (SFTSV), Heartland virus
    • Flaviviruses
      • Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus, Alkhurma virus, Kyasanur Forest virus
  • Tickborne encephalitis complex flaviviruses
    • Tickborne encephalitis viruses
    • European subtype
    • Far Eastern subtype
    • Siberian subtype
    • Powassan/Deer Tick virus
  • Tuberculosis, including drug-resistant TB
  • Influenza virus
  • Other Rickettsias
  • Rabies virus
  • Prions
  • Coccidioides spp.
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), MERS-CoV, and other highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (new in FY14)
  • Antimicrobial resistance, excluding research on sexually transmitted organisms, unless the resistance is newly emerging*
    • Research on mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance
    • Studies of the emergence and/or spread of antimicrobial resistance genes within pathogen populations
    • Studies of the emergence and/or spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in human populations
    • Research on therapeutic approaches that target resistance mechanisms
    • Modification of existing antimicrobials to overcome emergent resistance
      *Excluded Research (Sexually Transmitted Organisms) – Bacterial vaginosis, Chlamydia trachomatis, cytomegalovirus, Granuloma inguinaleHemophilus ducreyi, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human papillomavirus, Treponema pallidumTrichomonas vaginalis
  • Antimicrobial research, as related to engineered threats and naturally occurring drug-resistant pathogens, focused on development of broad-spectrum antimicrobials

Immunological Studies

Immunology studies that advance our understanding of host defenses applicable to the biodefense effort, for example

  • Adjuvants
  • Innate Immunity
  • Adaptive Immunity
  • Mucosal Immunity

Additional Emerging Infectious Diseases/Pathogens

  • Acanthamebiasis
  • Anaplasmosis (new in FY14)
  • Australian bat lyssavirus
  • Babesia, atypical
  • Bartonella henselae
  • BK virus (new in FY14)
  • Bordetella pertussis (new in FY15)
  • Borrelia mayonii (new in FY18)
  • Borrelia miyamotoi (new in FY14)
  • Ehrlichiosis
  • Enterovirus 68 (new in FY15)
  • Enterovirus 71
  • Hepatitis C (new in FY14)
  • Hepatitis E (new in FY14)
  • Human herpesvirus 6
  • Human herpesvirus 8
  • JC virus (new in FY14)
  • Leptospirosis (new in FY14)
  • Mucormycosis (new in FY14)
  • Poliovirus (new in FY15)
  • Rubeola (measles) (new in FY14)
  • Streptococcus, Group A

Notes:
* This list was created for the purpose of extramural and intramural program management within the NIAID biodefense/EID mission and does not represent the complete scope of biodefense and emerging infectious disease.
** HIV/AIDS is excluded.

Content last reviewed on July 26, 2018

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Reference: https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/emerging-infectious-diseases-pathogens